In terms of gene expression, the most significant changes are observed for the epithelial marker CTNNA1 (a catenin that maintains normal cell adhesion by forming a complex that anchors E-cadherin to the cell membrane and if disrupted can lead to tumour invasion) and the mesenchymal marker TNC (an extracellular matrix glycoprotein which is usually found at the invasive front of the tumour61 and has been shown to induce EMT-like changes and faster migration in breast cancer cells62). Here, CTNNA1 is linked to breast carcinoma.