In accordance with these fructose-induced NASH-like effects, hepatic mRNA profiling of rats after 12 weeks on the HFr diet revealed marked changes in the transcription level of multiple genes involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and cholesterol as well as genes involved in adipokine and insulin signaling (Table S1). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.