EDN1 and atherosclerosis: The actions of AngII result in not only vasoconstriction but also generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS; Mehta and Griendling, 2007) stimulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1; Sasser et al., 2002; Montanari et al., 2003) and depletion of nitric oxide (NO) vascular bioavailability (Thomas et al., 2008) all of which have been shown to promote atherosclerosis and increase vascular risk (Touyz and Schiffrin, 2004), though in some circumstances, ROS activation may be beneficial (Le Moal et al., 2017).