GSK3B and Alzheimer disease: In addition, we have previously demonstrated that GSK-3β overexpression, which is also related to AD (Shiurba et al., 1996; Leroy et al., 2002; Jope and Johnson, 2004), causes a decrease in the percentage of both thin and mushroom spines in newborn granule neurons (Llorens-Martin et al., 2016).