INS and diabetes mellitus: Using data from a population-based study among Chinese Han adult without diabetes, we thus investigated the hypothesis that a higher dietary GI or GL was associated with a less favorable glucose homeostasis (as indicated by fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma insulin, hepatic insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), beta cell function levels (HOMA2-β) and odds of pre-diabetes) and that this association may be modified both by the genetic predisposition, and their cereal fiber intake.