NRAS and neoplasm: Taken together with published work (Lyden et al, 2001; Rafii et al, 2002; Kaplan et al, 2005; Yang et al, 2008; Chen et al, 2011; Acharyya et al, 2012), these data suggested that tumor cells with mutant NRAS possess enhanced capability for automatic metastasis to the lungs, being thereby accompanied by myeloid cells to form metastatic niches.