Local low dose granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) facilitates dermal dendritic cell maturation and migration to the lymph nodes for antigen presentation [12, 13] and has been used in former studies with intradermal administration of the peptide-based HIV Gag p24 vaccine Vacc-4× [14, 15] and with peptide-based cancer vaccines [16]. Here, CSF2 is linked to cancer.