IGHE and Eczematoid dermatitis: We found that maternal hookworm during pregnancy attenuated the association between Dermatophagoides-specific IgE and eczema in childhood, as well as the effects of other known risk-factors for eczema such as mother's history of eczema and female gender.89 This effect-modification has also been reported in studies in Ecuador.93, 94 A study conducted in Uganda found a positive association between Dermatophagoides-specific IgE and histamine release among children without hookworm but not amongst children with hookworm.95