INS and Insulin resistance: A meta-analysis that examined the effect of soy isoflavones supplementation in peri- and postmenopausal non-Asian women found significant treatment effects, including reduced circulating insulin (−1.37 μIU/mL, 95% CI: (−1.92 to −0.81 μIU/mL)) and insulin resistance as measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (−0.39, 95% CI: (−0.65 to −0.14)) but not FBG [92].