Several studies demonstrated that the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury is associated with spinal upregulation of mRNA and the protein level of IL-18 and its specific receptor, IL-18R (Miyoshi et al. 2008; Rojewska et al. 2014b; Popiolek-Barczyk et al. 2015; Pilat et al. 2016). This evidence concerns the gene IL18R1 and peripheral nerve injury.