PPARA and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Red ginseng crude extract has been reported in preventing obesity in rodent models by reducing leptin level and adipogenesis level (Lee et al., 2010; Lee S.H. et al., 2012; Song et al., 2012) as well as enhancing fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditures via activation of PPAR-α in rats (200 mg/kg to 10 week-old, for 32 weeks) (Lee et al., 2007).