PDC and cholangiocarcinoma: In accordance, we previously reported that inhibiting PHDs, (using a pan-PHD inhibitor or PHD2 haplodeficient mice (PHD2+/-)), in murine diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), results in a more aggressive mixed hepato-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) phenotype high in liver progenitor cell (LPC) characteristics, coinciding with increased expression of markers for metastasis and actors of the Notch signalling pathway (Heindryckx et al., 2012[16]; Bogaerts et al., 2015[1]).