Mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAM), regions of the ER that are closely juxtaposed to mitochondria and constitute sites of communication and lipid exchange between these organelles, are important for MAVS signaling during an infection, and processes that lead to MAM disruption block the interaction between MAVS and STING, inhibiting the downstream antiviral signaling [67]. This evidence concerns the gene MAVS and infection.