Individuals with a lack of inflammation in their CSF during the initial episode of CM, characterized by low CSF white cells (<5/μL), low CSF concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8), and increased concentrations of CSF chemokines (CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α) are at high risk of developing IRIS following ART initiation [43, 44]. Here, CCL2 is linked to cutaneous mastocytosis.