Owning to its role of simultaneously repressing a variety of target genes by interaction with their 3′-UTR elements of mRNA, microRNA (miRNA) has been involved in the development and progression of IBD.9, 10, 11 Of note, recent studies suggest that miRNAs regulate ER stress and induce apoptosis.12, 13 For example, miR-15b-5p repressed UPR signaling by suppressing Rab1A and accelerated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma.14 However, whether miRNA-mediated ER stress alteration contributes to IBD progression remains unknown. The gene discussed is RAB1A; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.