MAPK3 and neuroblastoma: One recent study in esophageal cells verified that exogenous H2S promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and increased migration through the HSP90 pathway.24 Meanwhile, other reports verified that the effects of H2S involve the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in neuroblastoma and cardiac cells.25, 26 There are several signaling pathways involved in cell autophagy, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Bcl2/beclin1, MAPK/Erk1/2, and AMPK signaling pathways.