RBP4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: After the adjustment for variables (included in model 3 of Table 4), the serum RBP4 levels in patients with NAFLD (36.0 ± 6.5 μg/ml) were significantly higher than those in control subjects (34.6 ± 6.5 μg/ml) of females and in males (39.7 ± 7.3 μg/ml vs. 38.4 ± 7.4 μg/ml) (both P < 0.001) (Fig. 1).