Our data point out a potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role for this peptide suggesting a possible employment of this endogenous agent, already used for the treatment of heart failure [54, 55], also in the treatment of inflammatory/immune-related and IL-1β/NF-kB/ERK1/2/NALP3/ASC/Caspase-1-associated diseases, known to affect millions of people worldwide. Here, IL1B is linked to heart failure.