TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Although an induction of CTGF gene expression has also been described for TGF-β3 in fibroblasts [73], this TGF-β isoform has been ascribed to more positive effects in terms of pulmonary fibrosis than TGF-β1 [74] and even anti-scarring abilities have been assumed for TGF-β3 [75].