Similarly, TEX101 values were high in the group of men with unexplained infertility (median 2875 ng/mL, N = 276) and were significantly reduced in oligospermia (median 270.5 ng/mL, Mann–Whitney U test P < 0.0001, N = 269) and azoospermia (median 0.5 ng/mL, Mann–Whitney U test P < 0.0001, N = 150) samples (Additional file 2: Table S2 and Additional file 3: Figure S1). The gene discussed is TEX101; the disease is oligospermia.