Evaluation of the TNF-α–only TEFF signature revealed significant differences in the proportion of these cells between all groups, with individuals with tuberculosis displaying the largest proportions (median, 59.4%; interquartile range [IQR], 41%–73%), followed by those with recently acquired LTBI (median, 28.8%; IQR, 20%–40%) and those with remotely acquired LTBI (median, 10.7%; IQR, 4%–19%; Figure 1A). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and tuberculosis.