As observed in SOT receptors [20], the present study showed that HEV viral loads (in sera, faeces or liver) and anti-HEV IgM/IgG levels obtained during acute infection phase were not able to predict the progression to chronic hepatitis E. Previous studies reported that serological tests may give false negative results in SOT patients, so that HEV antibodies are infrequently detected at the acute phase [20, 34, 39]. Here, CD40LG is linked to infection.