TGM2 and cholestasis: Furthermore, as expected, TG1 and TG2 knockdown marginally reduced the apoptotic levels in hepatocytes treated with glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) (unpublished data), which is a bile salt formed in the liver that has a relatively high toxicity and concentration in the bile and serum following cholestasis, extending its use in cellular models of the disease27.