Furthermore, EMT-related proteins, such as N-cadherin, β-catenin, Vimentin, Snail and Slug were upregulated under hypoxia, since EMT-related proteins is considered to regulate migration and invasion in cancers, including mesenchymal-like transition in malignant gliomas26, 27 (Fig. 6C). This evidence concerns the gene SNAI2 and cancer.