In order to gain further insight into the biologic control of LAIR-1 and CD33, we compared in parallel, the LAIR-1/CD33 receptor profile of cells from healthy and SLE subjects cultured for 5 days under anti-inflammatory conditions with M-CSF versus pro-inflammatory conditions using DC growth cytokines (GM-CSF + IL-4) (Fig. 7). Here, LAIR1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.