Studies of the transgenic TgUmodC147W mice also showed an absence of apoptosis by a lack of active caspase-3 staining; thus, apoptosis does not appear to play a significant role in tubule damage in ADTKD-UMOD (Bernascone et al., 2010). Here, CASP3 is linked to autosomal dominant medullary cystic kidney disease with or without hyperuricemia.