TNFRSF4 and cancer: The signaling pathway, which starts from the OX40:OX40 ligand axis, induces T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion.44, 45, 46 Antibodies have been developed for OX40 that have agonistic effects on T cell activation and are currently in clinical trials as an adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy.44, 45 Dollins et al.