While an anti-PD1 blocking antibody did not effectively restore CD8+ cell activation (likely due to an insufficient amount of blocking antibody), disruption of the PDL1:PD1 axis on tumor cells and lymphocytes either by RRV-miRPDL1-mediated downregulation or an anti-PDL1 blocking antibody provides evidence for a substantial immunological benefit from RRV-miRPDL1. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.