Insulin normalized hyperglycemia, hypertension,oxidative stress, and renal injury; inhibited renal Nrf2 andangiotensinogen (Agt) gene expression; and upregulated heterogeneousnuclear ribonucleoprotein F and K (hnRNP F and hnRNPK) expression in Akita mice with T1D. This evidence concerns the gene HNRNPK and type 1 diabetes mellitus.