PIM1 and infarction: Both human CPCs and mCPCs transduced with PIM1 significantly enhanced proliferation and survival characteristics in vitro and show myocardial functional improvement in vivo as after adoptive transfer in rodent models [19, 20].Furthermore, PIM1 modified CPC conferred significant improvement in a preclinical swine infarction model following adoptive transfer delivery [21] highlighting future use of engineered CPCs in clinical trials.