Exposure to acute ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or treatment with the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), increases the activation of PTKs including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the downstream STAT3 signaling pathway15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and neoplasm.