NTF3 and epilepsy syndrome: At present, a multitude of factors have been shown to promote NSC differentiation into neurons, such as neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), NG2, Mash1, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and all-trans retinoic acid (RA) [7–10]; more recent studies reported that valproic acid (VPA), an effective and safe mood stabilizer that has been used in the treatment of bipolar diseases and different epilepsy syndromes for several decades [11, 12].