Moreover, direct participation of NLRP3 in obesity has been confirmed in studies that have shown that in gene-deficient mice fed with a high-fat diet, activation of caspase-1 and expression of pro-IL-1b in adipose tissue, and serum loss of IL-18 compared to the wild-type phenotype is reduced. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.