Furthermore, the COX-2/PGE2 signaling cascade is highly modulated by various viral infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV)10, enterovirus 71 (EV71)11, cytomegalovirus (CMV)12, and hepatitis B virus (HBV)13, contributing to virus replication and viral pathogenesis through elevated COX-2/PGE2 expression. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is viral infectious disease.