Importantly, in a mouse model of NEC, oral administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which binds to the nuclear retinoic acid receptor to stabilize transcription of Foxp3 and repress transcription of RAR-related orphan receptor γt, resulted in decreased NEC severity, increased Tregs, decreased CD4+ Th17 cells, and attenuation of IL-17 expression (59). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and necrotizing enterocolitis.