TNF and hydrops fetalis: In this study, changes in the gut microbial profile occurred after 8 weeks of HF feeding and reduced expressions of lysozyme and Reg III-γ were observed after 12 weeks of HF feeding, indicating that the alteration of Paneth antimicrobial peptides was secondary to the shift of microbiota, whereas alterations of circulating inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNF-α) were only observed after 16 weeks of HF feeding in this study.