Consistently, infection with YL C. albicans strains yielded elevated IL-1β protein in Cybb-deficient mice, which lack the gp91phox subunit of the NADPH oxidase and do not produce superoxide (Figure 4A; Pollock et al., 1995), and a 9-fold upregulation of IL-1β transcript compared to only a 2-fold non-significant increase in response to WT C. albicans (Figure 4B) likely due to a minor yeast population (Figure 1L). This evidence concerns the gene FMO5 and infection.