PRKN and carcinoma: PARK2 loss also renders mice more susceptible to hepatocellular (Fujiwara et al., 2008) and γ-irradiation-induced carcinomas (Zhang et al., 2011), while ectopic PARK2 expression mitigates cell proliferation in colorectal, glioma, breast, hepatocellular, and non-small-cell lung cancer cells (Lin et al., 2015, Picchio et al., 2004, Poulogiannis et al., 2010, Tay et al., 2010, Veeriah et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2004, Yeo et al., 2012).