Although still a mainstay therapy for many NSCLC patients [4], advances in understanding the molecular pathways driving carcinogenesis (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] gene mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] translocations) led to development of targeted EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and ALK-directed therapies that proved superior to chemotherapies for first-line management of advanced disease in select molecularly-defined patient subgroups harboring mutations sensitive to these therapies [4, 5]. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.