Accordingly, activated astrocytes and microglia in AD patients secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-8, as well as ROS into the surrounding brain tissue rich in Aβ deposits, thus potentially contributing to intraparenchymal NET formation and generating crosstalk with intraparenchymal neutrophils (Figure 1) (12, 13, 17). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Alzheimer disease.