It is nevertheless worth noting that we previously observed CD8 + T cell dependent and MHC class II independent control of chronic viral infection (Holst et al., 2011), and that in the current study even the animals without directly measurable infection had recall tat, vif, rev and vpr vaccine primed T cell responses, gag specific T cell responses, and virus driven CD4 + T cell responses. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and infection.