The level of full-length ERVFRDE1 RNA in seminomas, placentas, TCam-2 and BeWo cells was low (median 3, 4, 5 and 4% of POLR2A, respectively), but significantly higher than in seminoma-matched controls and, importantly, non-seminoma GCTs (1.5 and 1.2% of POLR2A, respectively, Fig. 3a). Here, POLR2A is linked to seminoma.