Our finding that leukocytosis was associated with sAKI is consistent with a previous experimental study in which leukocytosis was observed after injection of phospholipase A2 and metalloprotease from Russell’s viper venom, which resulted in the elevation of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2 leading to increased renal vascular resistance and decreased blood pressure [29]. Here, TNF is linked to Increased total leukocyte count.