Spleens sand pancreatic lymph nodes were removed on day 5 post-infection at the time when inflammation is detectable in the spleen and pancreatic lymph nodes [18], and the expression level of transcripts for STAT-1, the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 and IFN-γ was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Here, IFNG is linked to infection.