CASP9 and infection: Multiple infection rounds resulted in increase of anti-apoptotic Mcl1, concurrent with diminished levels of pro-apoptotic Bim and Puma (Figure 1a) – the marker proteins which were correlated with enhanced cytoprotective effects during a single infection.14 Simultaneously, cleavage of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 was also attenuated, confirming the cytoprotective effects of internalized SK3842.