MAP1LC3B and atrial fibrillation: To determine whether increases in LC3B activation correlated with increased autophagic flux during AF treatment, we repeated these experiments, treating cells with AF in the presence or absence of 3-methylaldehyde (3-MA), an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) that blocks autophagosome formation, or chloroquine (CQ), an inhibitor of autophagosome-lysosome fusion.