RB inactive (AdE7 infected) and deficient tumor cells showed elevated p-ATM, p-ATR, p-Chk1, p-Chk2 and p-p53 expressions, and that PSM-RB restored C33A and SaOS2 cells showed weaker expression of those proteins, and that total DNA damage checkpoint proteins were not changed (Figures 1g, h, Supplementary Figures S1c and d). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and neoplasm.