Moreover, Lampen, Grimaldi, and Nau, (2005) showed that the inhibition of HDACs enhanced the expression of the NCAM mRNA and protein as well as the level of polysialylated NCAM (PSA-NCAM), a form of this protein that is primarily associated with neuronal migration but has also been associated with pathological phenotypes including schizophrenia. The gene discussed is NCAM1; the disease is schizophrenia.