TNF and hydrops fetalis: Kupffer cells isolated from 16-week HF diet-fed mice exhibited M1/M2 mixed phenotype with M1-predominant polarization, characterized by significantly increased expression of M1 markers, including inducible NOS2 (iNOS2), TNF-α and IL-6, and moderately increased M2 marker IL-10 expression compared with Kupffer cells from NC diet-fed mice (Fig. 1D).