NEDD4 and neoplasm: We found that knockdown of NEDD4 or H3 K23/36/37R mutation reduced the tumour incidence and average tumour size, suggesting that NEDD4-mediated H3 ubiquitination is also required for the tumorigenecity of Aldh+ cells in vivo (Fig. 6i–n and Supplementary Fig. 10a,b).